ʻOku fiemaʻu ke fai ʻe he ngaahi potungāue puleʻanga ke fakafaingofua ʻenau ngaahi fakataha, ngaahi tohi, mo e ngaahi sēvisi faka-ʻelekitolonika ki he kakai faingataʻaʻia. Ko e fakahinohino ni ʻoku kōvā e ngaahi fiemaʻu fēteli mo Hawaii — ADA Konga II, Vahe 508, ngaahi sīpinga WCAG, mo e ngaahi lakaʻanga fakapotopoto ki he fakafaingofua fakafoʻituitui mo faka-ʻelekitolonika.
Ko ha fakamatala fakalesoni fakapotopoto eni ki he muimui ki he lao. Ko e lao fakafaingofua ʻoku faingataʻa pea ʻoku liliu. Ki he ngaahi fehuʻi fakalao makehe, faleʻi mo e loea ʻo hoʻo potungāue pe ko e uepisaiti ADA.gov.
Ngaahi fiemaʻu fēteli
ADA Konga II
Ko e Konga II ʻo e Lao ʻAmelika ki he Faingataʻaʻia ʻoku ngāue ki he ngaahi sino puleʻanga siteiti mo fakafeituʻu kotoa. ʻOku ne fiemaʻu ke maʻu ʻe he kakai faingataʻaʻia ha founga tatau ke kau ki he ngaahi polokalama, sēvisi, mo e ngaahi ngāue ʻa e puleʻanga — kau ai e ngaahi fakataha fakafonua.
- Ko e ngaahi feituʻu fakataha kuo pau ke fakafaingofua fakafoʻituitui (founga sea misinaula, ngaahi falekaukau fakafaingofua, tūʻanga motokaā fakafaingofua)
- Kuo pau ke ʻoatu ʻe he ngaahi potungāue ha ngaahi tokoni feʻunga ʻi he kole (kau fakatonulea leʻo, ngaahi meʻa tokoni fanongo, ngaahi koloa ʻi he ngaahi tatau kehe)
- Kuo pau ke ʻoatu ʻe he ngaahi potungāue ha fakaʻilo kimuʻa ki he founga ke kole ai ha tokoni
- Ko e ngaahi uepisaiti mo e ngaahi sēvisi faka-ʻelekitolonika kuo pau ke fakafaingofua ki he kakai faingataʻaʻia
Vahe 508
Ko e Vahe 508 ʻo e Lao Fakafoki ʻoku ne fiemaʻu ke fai ʻe he ngaahi potungāue fēteli — pea mo e ngaahi potungāue siteiti/fakafeituʻu ʻoku maʻu ha paʻanga fēteli — ke fakafaingofua ʻenau tekinolosia faka-ʻelekitolonika mo e fakamatala. ʻI he ngāue, ko hono ʻuhinga:
- Ko e ngaahi uepisaiti kuo pau ke feʻunga mo e sīpinga WCAG 2.1 Tuʻunga AA
- Ko e ngaahi tohi (PDF, tohi Word, pepa fakamatala) kuo pau ke fakafaingofua ki he kau lau sīkini
- Ko e ngaahi vitio kuo pau ke ʻi ai ha ngaahi fakamatala ki lalo
- Ko e ngaahi koloa fanongo kuo pau ke ʻi ai ha ngaahi tohi hiki
- Ko e ngaahi polokalama mo e ngaahi toenga ʻoku ngāueʻaki ʻe he kakai kuo pau ke fakafaingofua
WCAG 2.1 — Ngaahi Fakahinohino Fakafaingofua ki he Koloa Uepi
Ko e WCAG 2.1 Tuʻunga AA ko e sīpinga ʻoku tali lahi ki he fakafaingofua faka-ʻelekitolonika. ʻOku fakatuʻunga ia ʻi he ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni ʻe fā — kuo pau ke:
- Lava ke ʻilo — kuo pau ke lava ke ʻilo ʻe he kau ngāueʻaki e koloa (ngaahi lea kehe ki he ngaahi ʻata, fakamatala ki lalo ki he vitio, fehokotaki lanu feʻunga)
- Lava ke ngāueʻaki — kuo pau ke lava ke fakaʻaongaʻi mo fetuʻutaki mo e koloa (fakaʻaongaʻi kīpoti, taʻe ha koloa ʻoku ne fakatupu e mama, taimi feʻunga ke lau)
- Lava ke mahino — kuo pau ke lava ke lau mo faʻa hoko e koloa (lea mahino, fakaʻaongaʻi tatau, taʻofi hala)
- Mālohi — kuo pau ke ngāue e koloa mo e ngaahi tekinolosia tokoni lolotonga mo e kahaʻu (HTML totonu, ngaahi meʻa ARIA totonu)
Ngaahi fiemaʻu makehe ʻo Hawaii
ʻOku fakamālohi mo fakalalahi ʻe he lao siteiti ʻo Hawaii e ngaahi fiemaʻu fakafaingofua fēteli:
- HRS Vahe 489 — Ko e lao totonu sivile ʻa Hawaii ʻoku ne taʻofi e fakafaikehekehe ʻi he tuʻunga faingataʻaʻia ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu fakafonua mo e ngaahi sēvisi puleʻanga
- Lao ʻo e Laʻā (HRS 92-7) — kuo pau ke kau ʻi he ngaahi fakaʻilo fakataha e fakamatala ki he founga ke kole ai ha tokoni ki he faingataʻaʻia
- Palani Siteiti ʻo Hawaii — kuo tali ʻe he siteiti e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni ʻoku nau fakalakalaka e fakataumu ʻa lahi mo e fakafaingofua ʻi he ngaahi sēvisi puleʻanga
- Lao 172 (2023) — ʻoku fiemaʻu ke feʻunga e ngaahi potungāue siteiti mo e sīpinga WCAG 2.1 Tuʻunga AA ki he ngaahi uepisaiti mo e koloa faka-ʻelekitolonika
Fakafaingofua faka-ʻelekitolonika
Ngaahi uepisaiti
- Ngāueʻaki e taimi totonu ʻo e ngaahi ʻūluʻi tohi (h1, h2, h3 — ʻi he taimi, taʻe mālōlō)
- ʻOatu ha ngaahi lea kehe ki he ngaahi ʻata kotoa (tohi alt)
- Fakapapauʻi ʻoku feʻunga e fehokotaki lanu (4.5:1 ki he tohi angamaheni, 3:1 ki he tohi lahi)
- Fakafaingofua e ngaahi meʻa kotoa ʻoku fetuʻutaki ki he kīpoti
- Ngāueʻaki ha tohi fehokotaki fakamatala (“Lau e polokalama fakataha” kae ʻoua ko e “Lomiʻi heni”)
- Fakapapauʻi ʻoku ʻi he ngaahi foomu ha ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻoku fakahoko mo honau ngaahi meʻa fakahū
- ʻOua ʻe ngāueʻaki e lanu pē ke ʻoatu ha fakamatala
- ʻOatu ha ngaahi fehokotaki hopo-atu
- Sivi mo e ngaahi meʻa lau sīkini (NVDA, VoiceOver, JAWS)
Ngaahi tohi mo e PDF
- Ngāueʻaki ha ngaahi ʻūluʻi tohi fakatuʻunga ʻi he Word/Google Docs kimuʻa pea liliu ki he PDF
- Fakalahi ha tohi alt ki he ngaahi ʻata mo e ngaahi siati ʻi he tohi tupuʻanga
- Ngāueʻaki e ngaahi tēpile moʻoni mo e ngaahi laini ʻūluʻi — kae ʻoua ko e ngaahi ʻata ʻo e ngaahi tēpile
- Lele e meʻa sivi fakafaingofua ʻoku ʻi loto (Word, Acrobat) kimuʻa pea fakahā
- Taʻofi e ngaahi PDF ʻata kuo sikaní — ʻoku ʻikai lava ke lau ia ʻe he ngaahi meʻa lau sīkini
- ʻI he taimi ʻoku lava, ʻoatu ha founga HTML kehe fakataha mo e PDF
Ngaahi vitio mo e mītia kehekehe
- ʻOatu ha ngaahi fakamatala ki lalo ki he koloa vitio kotoa (ko e ngaahi fakamatala ki lalo faka-ʻōtometiki kuo pau ke sivi ke tonu)
- ʻOatu ha ngaahi fakamatala fanongo ki he koloa fakaʻata ʻoku ʻikai fakamatala ʻi he tafa fanongo
- ʻOatu ha ngaahi tohi hiki ki he koloa fanongo pē (potikasi, ngaahi lekooti)
- Fakapapauʻi ʻoku fakafaingofua ki he kīpoti e ngaahi mīsini tā mītia
Fakafaingofua e ngaahi fakataha fakafoʻituitui
Ngaahi fiemaʻu feituʻu
- Matapā fakafaingofua ki he sea misinaula, feituʻu nofo, mo e ngaahi falekaukau
- Tūʻanga motokaā fakafaingofua ofi ki he matapā
- Ngaahi fakaʻilonga mahino mo e fakahinohino hala
- Maama feʻunga
- Sisitemi maikofoni koeʻuhi ke fanongo e kau lea ʻi he loki kotoa
- Sea lava ke fakatonutonu pe vā ki he ngaahi sea misinaula/meʻa fefonongaʻaki ʻi he feituʻu kau ʻaʻahi
Ngaahi tokoni ki he ngaahi fakataha fakafonua
- Kau fakatonulea leʻo — ʻoatu ʻi he kole; kau e taimi mamate kole ʻi he fakaʻilo fakataha (angamaheni ʻaho ngāue ʻe 5 kimuʻa)
- Ngaahi meʻa tokoni fanongo — teuteu ʻi he feituʻu ki he kakai ʻoku faingataʻa ke fanongo
- Ngaahi koloa ʻi he ngaahi tatau kehe — paaki lahi, Braille, pe ngaahi tatau faka-ʻelekitolonika ʻi he kole
- Founga mamaʻo — ʻoatu ha founga vitio/telefoni ki he kakai ʻoku ʻikai lava ke ʻaʻahi fakafoʻituitui
- CART (Liliu Fakaʻelekitolonika Fetuʻutaki Taimi-Moʻoni) — fakamatala ki lalo taimi-moʻoni ki he kakai ʻoku tuli pe faingataʻa ke fanongo
- Ngaahi fanga manu sēvisi — tali maʻu pē; ʻoua ʻe fehuʻi fekauʻaki mo e faingataʻaʻia ʻa e tokotaha
Kuo pau ke kau ʻi he ngaahi fakaʻilo fakataha e fakamatala tokoni. Ko e fakaʻilo fakataha fakafonua takitaha ʻoku totonu ke fakahā pe founga mo e taimi fē ke kole ai ha tokoni faingataʻaʻia. Sīpinga: “Kapau ʻoku ke fiemaʻu ha tokoni ke kau ki he fakataha ni, kātaki ʻo fetuʻutaki ki he [hingoa] ʻi he [īmeili/telefoni] ʻi he ʻaho ngāue ʻe 5 ofi kimuʻa he fakataha.”
Lea faingofua
Ko e fakafaingofua ʻoku ʻikai ko e meʻa fakafoʻituitui mo e ngaahi ongo pē — ko hono ʻuhinga foki ko e fakamahino e koloa. Ko e lea faingofua ko ha founga fakafaingofua.
- Tohi ʻi he tuʻunga lau kalasi 8 ʻi he taimi ʻoku lava
- Ngāueʻaki ha ngaahi kupu nounou mo e ngaahi lea angamaheni
- Fakamatalaʻi e ngaahi lea fakatekinikale mo e ngaahi fakanounou ʻi he fuofua taimi ʻoku ngāueʻaki ai
- Ngāueʻaki e leʻo ngāue (“Naʻe tali ʻe he poate e palangi” kae ʻoua ko e “Naʻe tali e palangi ʻe he poate”)
- Vahevahe e koloa ki he ngaahi konga mahino mo e ngaahi ʻūluʻi tohi fakamatala
- Ngāueʻaki e ngaahi lisi mo e ngaahi tēpile ke fakahā e fakamatala faingataʻa
Ko e Lao Fēteli ki he Tohi Faingofua ʻo e 2010 ʻoku ne fiemaʻu ke ngāueʻaki ʻe he ngaahi potungāue fēteli e lea faingofua ʻi he ngaahi tohi fakafonua. Neongo ʻoku ʻikai hangatonu ke fakamaʻu ki he ngaahi potungāue siteiti, ʻoku ne fakafofonga e founga lelei taha.
Ngaahi meʻangāue sivi mo e ngaahi maʻuʻanga tokoni
Ngāueʻaki e ngaahi meʻangāue ko eni ke sivi e fakafaingofua faka-ʻelekitolonika ʻo hoʻo potungāue:
- WAVE — meʻangāue sivi fakafaingofua uepi taʻetotongi (fakalahi browser mo e ʻinitaneti)
- axe DevTools — fakalahi browser taʻetotongi ki he sivi WCAG
- WebAIM Contrast Checker — sivi e ngaahi fehokotaki lanu
- NVDA — meʻa lau sīkini taʻetotongi ki he Windows
- VoiceOver — meʻa lau sīkini ʻoku ʻi loto ki he Mac mo e iOS
- Fakafaingofua ki he Ngaahi Timi (GSA) — fakahinohino fakafaingofua ʻa e puleʻanga fēteli
- Section508.gov — ngaahi maʻuʻanga tokoni muimui ki he Vahe 508 faka-ʻōfisi
Lisi sivi muimui ki he lao
Uepisaiti mo e koloa faka-ʻelekitolonika
- ʻOku feʻunga e uepisaiti mo e sīpinga WCAG 2.1 Tuʻunga AA
- Ko e ngaahi ʻata kotoa ʻoku ʻi ai ha tohi alt fakamatala
- ʻOku feʻunga e fehokotaki lanu mo e ngaahi tuʻunga siʻi taha (4.5:1 ki he tohi)
- Ko e ngāue kotoa ʻoku fakafaingofua ki he kīpoti
- Ko e ngaahi vitio ʻoku ʻi ai ha ngaahi fakamatala ki lalo tonu
- Ko e ngaahi PDF ʻoku fakaʻilonga pea fakafaingofua ki he meʻa lau sīkini (kae ʻoua ko e ngaahi ʻata kuo sikaní)
- Ko e ngaahi foomu ʻoku ʻi ai ha ngaahi fakaʻilonga kuo fakahoko totonu
- Ko e tohi fehokotaki ʻoku fakamatala (kae ʻoua ko e “lomiʻi heni”)
Ngaahi fakataha fakafonua
- ʻOku fakafaingofua e feituʻu ki he sea misinaula (matapā, sea, falekaukau, tūʻanga motokaā)
- ʻOku kau ʻi he fakaʻilo fakataha e ngaahi fakahinohino kole tokoni mo e taimi mamate
- ʻOku maʻu e kau fakatonulea leʻo ʻi he kole
- ʻOku maʻu e ngaahi meʻa tokoni fanongo ʻi he feituʻu
- ʻOku maʻu ha founga ke kau mamaʻo
- ʻOku maʻu e ngaahi koloa fakataha ʻi he ngaahi tatau kehe ʻi he kole
- ʻOku ngāueʻaki ha sisitemi maikofoni ki he kau lea kotoa
Ngaahi tohi mo e ngaahi fetuʻutaki
- ʻOku ngāueʻaki ʻe he ngaahi tohi ha ngaahi ʻūluʻi tohi fakatuʻunga mo e ngaahi lisi
- ʻOku ngāueʻaki e lea faingofua ʻi he ngaahi koloa fakafonua
- ʻOku fakamatalaʻi e ngaahi lea fakatekinikale mo e ngaahi fakanounou ʻi he fuofua taimi ʻoku ngāueʻaki ai
- ʻOku maʻu e ngaahi tatau kehe ʻi he kole
- ʻOku lele e meʻa sivi fakafaingofua kimuʻa pea fakahā
Ngaahi fehalaaki angamaheni ke taʻofi
- Ngaahi PDF kuo sikaní. Ko e sikaní ha tohi pepa ki he PDF ʻoku ne faʻu ha faile ʻata ʻoku ʻikai lava ke lau ʻe he ngaahi meʻa lau sīkini. Faʻu maʻu pē e ngaahi tohi faka-ʻelekitolonika mo e sīpinga totonu
- Ngaahi fakamatala ki lalo faka-ʻōtometiki taʻe sivi. Ko e ngaahi fakamatala ki lalo faka-ʻōtometiki ko ha tuʻunga kamata, kae ʻoua ko ha koloa fakaʻosi. Sivi mo fakatonutonu ia kimuʻa pea fakahā
- Fakatonutonu kae ʻoua ko e fakataumu ʻa ke fakafaingofua. ʻOku siʻi fakamole ange mo ola lelei ange ke langa e fakafaingofua mei he kamataʻanga kae ʻoua ko e fakatonutonu ia ʻamui
- ʻAmanaki ʻoku ʻikai ha taha ʻoku fiemaʻu ha tokoni. ʻE lava ke ʻikai kole ʻe he kakai ha tokoni kapau ʻoku ʻikai mahino pe talitali e founga. Fakafaingofua ia
- Ngāueʻaki e lanu pē. “Ko e ngaahi meʻa ʻi he lanu kula ʻoku fiemaʻu” ʻoku ʻikai fakafaingofua. Ngāueʻaki ha ngaahi fakaʻilonga tohi, ʻata, pe ngaahi fakaʻilonga kehe fakataha mo e lanu
Ngaahi maʻuʻanga tokoni
- ADA.gov — Ngaahi Puleʻanga Siteiti mo Fakafeituʻu
- WCAG 2.1 Fakahinohino Vave
- Section508.gov
- Poate Faingataʻaʻia mo Fetuʻutaki Fakafaingofua ʻa Hawaii (DCAB)
- PlainLanguage.gov
- Meʻa Sivi Fakafaingofua WAVE
Kamata
Kamata ʻi ha sivi fakafaingofua vave ki he uepisaiti ʻo hoʻo potungāue ʻo ngāueʻaki e WAVE pe axe. Pea sivi hoʻo sīpinga fakaʻilo fakataha ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku kau ai e fakamatala tokoni.
Lele e Sivi WAVE Fakahinohino Lao ʻo e Laʻā Fakahinohino Kau Fakafonua